While the measles vaccine is effective in reducing measles, cases of adverse reactions after vaccination have been reported. Doctors observed a severe reaction in a 10-month old female immediately following vaccination, including viremia and multi-organ failure. Genetic analsysis found a variant in the infant's gene that is needed for interferon signaling. This adverse reaction in a vaccinated infant demonstrates the importance of genetic testing prior to vaccination.
ABSTRACT
Receiving the measles vaccination is crucial for controlling the disease and preventing severe complications. However, adverse reactions can occur in individuals with inborn errors of immunity. This case report details a severe reaction to the measles vaccine in a ten-month-old female with a homozygous mutation in the IFNAR2 gene, leading to immunodeficiency-45. Following vaccination, she developed viremia, meningoencephalitis, and multi-organ failure. Genetic analysis identified a Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS) in the IFNAR2 gene, which is essential for type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling. This case highlights the importance of incorporating genetic screening into vaccination programs for individuals at risk. It demonstrates the complex relationship between genetic mutations and the immune responses to the vaccines.